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Ivins, Phillips & Barker Section 409A Compliance Review

January 2010

In January 2010, the IRS announced a tax amnesty program under which many inadvertent 409A failures can be corrected with no tax or penalties during 2010.  Because of Section 409A’s complexity and increasingly-strict IRS interpretations, many employers are likely to find that one or more of their deferred compensation plans or executive employment agreements have 409A failures that may be eligible for the amnesty program.  To help employers identify and correct Section 409A defects like the ones illustrated above, Ivins, Phillips & Barker has developed a comprehensive Section 409A Compliance Review under which we will systematically review all of your (and your subsidiaries’) compensation and fringe benefit programs to identify potential defects and provide advice and assistance regarding the ways in which defects may be corrected under the 2010 amnesty program or other means. 

IRS issued Notice 2010-6 sets forth a program for correcting plan document defects under Code Section 409A.  Along with Notice 2008-113, which established a correction program for operational defects, the IRS has now instituted a comprehensive formal correction program for Section 409A errors.  The notices permit certain errors to be corrected with zero adverse tax consequences under Section 409A, while others may be corrected with less than the full consequences of a Section 409A failure.

Most significantly, transition relief in Notice 2010-6 generally permits the correction of plan document defects without penalty before the end of 2010, as long as any operational failures stemming from such defects are corrected under Notice 2008-113.  Because of this (presumably final) offer of transition relief, we recommend that all companies conduct an internal audit of their deferred compensation plans this year.  Ivins, Phillips & Barker has developed a three-part Section 409A Compliance Review to guide you through this process.  We will review your plan documents and plan administration, help you correct any errors which may have arisen to date, and recommend changes to your plan documentation and administrative procedures to minimize the risk of future Section 409A failures.

Section 409A Failures are Easy to Miss

A Section 409A failure can trigger devastating tax consequences for participants in nonqualified deferred compensation plans, which include SERPs, deferral plans, individual employment agreements, and any other arrangement that provides a legally binding right to compensation which may be paid in a later year.  In general, Section 409A provides for immediate taxation of amounts subject to a Section 409A failure, plus an additional 20% tax penalty, plus interest retroactive to the date the affected compensation first became vested.

What makes Section 409A especially frightening is that seemingly innocuous words and deeds can trigger devastating tax consequences.

  • A plan document failure will occur simply because a plan defines “separation from service” or “change in control” in a manner that is inconsistent with the final Section 409A regulations, or provides that payment will be made within 120 days following the event which triggers payment. Many deferred compensation plans do not provide for payment until the employee signs a release agreement – under Notice 2010-6, this is a plan document failure as well. Without a proper and timely correction, a plan document defect will result in a Section 409A failure for all benefits payable to all plan participants.
  • An operational failure will occur if plan administration violates Section 409A in any respect, however minor. For example, it may be a violation if a participant receives an installment payment in January 2010 instead of December 2009, or if a plan inadvertently pays a participant $101,000 instead of $100,000. Without a proper and timely correction, an operational failure will trigger a Section 409A failure for all benefits payable to all plan participants who are affected by the failure.

Under the plan aggregation rules in the Section 409A regulations, a failure with respect to a single deferred compensation plan may “taint” amounts deferred under other deferred compensation plans as well.

 Even worse, while employers are generally responsible for Section 409A compliance, the consequences of a Section 409A failure fall principally on employees.  It is unclear whether an employee could sue an employer for causing a Section 409A failure, but a Section 409A failure will, at minimum, strain the relationship between a company and the affected employees. Some companies protect their employees by providing a “gross-up” payment for Section 409A failures.  Because of the additional taxes triggered by Section 409A, gross-up payments often exceed the value of the underlying deferred compensation.

A Compliance Review Will Pay Dividends Later

The good news is that as noted above, the corrections guidance provides transition relief in 2010.  Given the stakes and the IRS’s strict views regarding Section 409A compliance, it is critical for companies to review the administration of their deferred compensation plans and correct any errors before the end of 2010. With no further transition guidance on the horizon, there is every reason to believe that 2010 will be the final opportunity to correct Section 409A failures without triggering draconian tax consequences.

Ivins, Phillips & Barker has developed a three-part Section 409A Compliance Review to help clients identify and correct 409A failures in 2010.  Many companies already committed significant resources to the drafting process to meet the 2008 documentary compliance deadline.  Accordingly, if we are engaged for all three phases of the Compliance Review, we will conduct Phases I and II of the review for a fixed fee, for any arrangements which have already been reviewed and amended for Section 409A compliance.  The fee will be based on the quantity and complexity of the plans involved in the review.

  • Phase I (Plan Document Review): Phase I is a comprehensive review of all plan documents to ensure compliance with Section 409A, including new requirements set forth in Notice 2010-6. This would include identifying any documents which slipped through the cracks and were not amended before the documentary compliance deadline in 2008. Now is the time to correct these documents.
  • Phase II (Operational Review): Many companies focused on documentary compliance in 2008 and paid less attention to potential administrative concerns. Phase II is a review of plan administration, to identify any plan failures which may have arisen since Section 409A took effect in 2005. This would include errors resulting from improper administration of plan provisions, or the correct administration of plan provisions which violate Section 409A. This would also include a review of procedures for ensuring Section 409A compliance, and identifying recommended adjustments to minimize the risk of future failures.
  • Phase III (Correction): Phase III consists of correcting any failures identified during the first two Phases. All corrections should be completed before the end of 2010, to take advantage of the transition relief included in Notice 2010-6.

The Ivins 409A Compliance Team

The Ivins employee benefits team is ideally suited to assist in this review. Our team has drafted and reviewed hundreds of deferred compensation plans for our clients, and nearly every member of the Ivins team has significant experience with Section 409A compliance.

Compliance Team Leaders

  • William L. Sollee, Jr., the leader of our compliance review practice, has deep expertise regarding Section 409A and extensive experience leading plan compliance reviews.  Will has amended and reviewed the deferred compensation arrangements and employment agreements of several Fortune 500 companies to bring them into compliance with Section 409A.  He has authored several pieces on Section 409A compliance which have appeared in BNA’s Pension & Benefits Daily and elsewhere.  Will often fields questions from tax counsel at regional law firms regarding their clients’ most complex plan design and compliance issues under Section 409A and has already applied the correction procedures under Notice 2010-6.
  • Jonathan Zimmerman has led or participated in dozens of plan compliance reviews for Fortune 500 and other clients and is an expert on Section 409A. Jonathan has drafted and reviewed dozens of nonqualified deferred compensation plans and has worked with a number of clients to correct operational errors and upgrade the administration of their deferred compensation plans.  For example, he conducted a day-long seminar for a Fortune 500 client, to educate the client’s in-house personnel about the basic requirements of Section 409A, review internal and third-party procedures for administering deferred compensation plans, and recommend changes to those procedures to minimize the risk of future Section 409A failures.

Additional Team Members

            One or more of the following experienced Ivins employee benefits partners will participate in each review project.

  • Kevin O’Brien has over thirty years experience with nonqualified deferred compensation plans and agreements and is a recognized expert on Section 409A. Kevin authored one of the first plan drafting “checklists” for ensuring documentary compliance with Section 409A and has reviewed and amended numerous deferred compensation plans and agreements to bring them into compliance with 409A.
  • Rosina Barker, together with Kevin O’Brien, authored the definitive article on correcting operational failures under Section 409A.  In addition to a thorough analysis of the correction methods available under Notice 2008-113, the article also describes a number of correction methods which may be available outside the Notice, potentially enabling sponsors to escape to the onerous tax and reporting consequences of a formal correction.  The article appeared in the August 10, 2009 edition of Tax Notes.
  • Robin Solomon has significant expertise drafting and designing nonqualified deferred compensation plans.  Her ability to formulate creative yet compliant drafting approaches enables clients’ plans to fully comply with Section 409A with minimal disruption to existing procedures.

Contact

Please feel free to contact Will Sollee at (202) 662-3466 or Jonathan Zimmerman at (202) 662-3464 to discuss additional details about the Ivins, Phillips & Barker Section 409A Compliance Review.

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